Past Perfect + Simple Past

1) Use

Past Perfect	Simple Past
together with the Simple Past When two past actions are combined - the first action, which was completed before the second one began, is put into Past Perfect.	action finished in the past
the past equivalent of the Present Perfect	series of completed actions in the past

2) Signal words

Past Perfect	Simple Past
no unambiguous ones	yesterday, last week, a month ago, in 2002

3) Form

Past Perfect	Simple Past
havd + past participle	regular verbs: infinitive + ed irregular verbs: 2nd column of the table of the irregular verbs

4) Examples

We use the the same form of the auxiliary (had) every time regardless the subject.

Past Perfect	Simple Past
4-1 Affirmative sentences
He had played hockey. He'd played hockey.	He played hockey.

Past Perfect	Simple Past
4-2 Negative sentences
He had not played hockey. He'd not played hockey. He hadn't played hockey.	He did not play hockey. He didn't play hockey.

Past Perfect	Simple Past
4-3 Questions
Had he played hockey?	Did he play hockey?

5) Spelling (Past Perfect and Simple Past)

stopped (Double the consonant after a short vowel.)

loved (one -e at the end of the word -> Leave out the -e and add -d.)

worried (consonant before -y ->Change to -ie.)