Prefix

Prefix Meaning Examples
a- also an- not, without atheist, anaemic

a- to, towards aside, aback
in the process of, in a particular state a-hunting, aglow

a- of anew
completely abashed

ab- also abs- away, from abdicate, abstract

ad- also a-, ac-, af-, ag- al-, an-, ap-, at- as-, at- movement to, change into, addition or increase advance, adulterate, adjunct, ascend, affiliate, affirm, aggravate, alleviate, annotate, apprehend, arrive, assemble, attend

ante- before, preceding antecedent, ante-room

anti- also ant- opposing, against, the opposite anti-aircraft, antibiotic, anticlimax, Antarctic

be- all over, all around bespatter, beset
completely bewitch, bemuse
having, covered with bejewelled
affect with (added to nouns) befog
cause to be (added to adjectives) becalm

com- also co-, col-, con-, cor- with, jointly, completely combat, codriver, collude, confide, corrode

contra- against, opposite contraceptive

counter- opposition, opposite direction counter-attack, counteract

de- down, away descend, despair, depend, deduct
completely denude, denigrate
removal, reversal de-ice, decamp

dia- also di- through, across diagonal

dis- also di- negation, removal, expulsion disadvantage, dismount, disbud, disbar

en- also em- put into or on engulf, enmesh
bring into the condition of enlighten, embitter
intensification entangle, enrage

ex- also e-, ef- out exit, exclude, expand
upward exalt, extol
completely excruciate, exasperate
previous ex-wife

extra- outside, beyond extracurricular

hemi- half hemisphere

hyper- beyond, more than, more than normal hypersonic, hyperactive

hypo- under hypodermic, hypothermia

in- also il-, im- not, without infertile, inappropriate, impossible
also il-, im-, ir- in, into, towards, inside influence, influx, imbibe

infra- below infrared, infrastructure

inter- between, among interact, interchange

intra- inside, within intramural, intravenous

non- absence, negation non-smoker, non-alcoholic

ob- also oc-, of-, op- blocking, against, concealing obstruct, occult, offend, oppose

out- surpassing, exceeding outperform
external, away from outbuilding, outboard

over- excessively, completely overconfident, overburdened, overjoyed
upper, outer, over, above overcoat, overcast

peri- round, about perimeter

post- after in time or order postpone

pre- before in time, place, order or importance pre-adolescent, prelude, precondition

pro- favouring, in support of pro-African
acting for proconsul
motion forwards or away propulsion
before in time, place or order prologue

re- again repaint, reappraise, reawake

semi- half, partly semicircle, semi-conscious
sub- also suc-, suf-, sug-, sup-, sur-, sus- at a lower position submarine, subsoil
lower in rank sub-lieutenant
nearly, approximately sub-tropical

syn- also sym- in union, acting together synchronize, symmetry

trans- across, beyond transnational, transatlantic
into a different state translate

ultra- beyond ultraviolet, ultrasonic
extreme ultramicroscopic

un- not unacceptable, unreal, unhappy, unmanned
reversal or cancellation of action or state unplug, unmask

under- beneath, below underarm, undercarriage
lower in rank undersecretary
not enough underdeveloped

روز معلم

به نام او ، به ياد او ، به عشق او و براي او

خدا را شاكرم كه اين لطف را در حق من كرد كه بتوانم در خدمت دوستاني باشم كه بودن با هر كدامشان افتخاري برايم بود. روز معلم را به تك تك دوستان و همكارانم تبريك مي گويم

در ابتدا از جناب آقاي طالبيون تشكر مي كنم كه در به وجود آمدن اين جو صميمي و دوستانه بيشترين نقش را داشته اند و مهمتر از آن افتخار اين را داشته ام كه شاگرد ايشان باشم و اين روز را به ايشان تبريك مي گويم و اميدوارم هميشه سلامت و موفق باشند

تبريك اين روز به همكاران محترمم

خانمها

بنان - اسماعيلي - سپه دوست - عليزاده - صابري - قنادان - فريدي - جاويدان - عبداللهي - مهراني - مختاري - مهروند - شاكر - برزگري - مهدوي - حبيبي - رضاپناه - يانا - شمس

آقايان

عابدي - حجاران - مسعود نوروزي- اصلاني - حسيني - شمسي پور - جهانبخشي - خالد نژاد - حاج بابايي - پورخسرواني - جمالي - معتمدي

_______________________________________________

بودند همكاراني كه افتخار همكاري با آنها را داشته ام اما اكنون در خدمتشان نيستم. در هر نقطه اي از ايران يا دنيا كه حضور دارند اين روز را به آنها تبريك مي گويم و اميدوارم هميشه سلامت و موفق باشند

خانمها

تبرايي - كنعاني - قلندران - مقدم - فراهاني- سليماني

آقايان

سپه دوست - احمد نوروزي - تفرشي - قاسمي - نيري - خسرواني - عريفي - رضايي__________________________________________________

اميدوارم تمامي اين دوستان اينجانب را از دعاي خير خود محروم نكنند

در پناه عاشقترين عاشقان

همكار شما حامد رباني ارديبهشت 1389

Thank You

My dear friends in E4 class.
I would like to thank you for your excellent cooperation with me in the class.I really enjoyed your hard work.
My students in E4:
1- Mahtab Sadeghnejad
2- Fateme Mousavi
3- Sara Mojarrad Rahemi
4- Nazilla Valikhanloo
5- Ghazal Barati
6- Maryam Barati
7- Shaghayegh Bayat
8- Maryam Zahed
9- Pariya Zivari
10- Parinaz Seddigh
11- Soheil Maleki
12- Hasan Sarvi
13- Roozbeh Mokhtarzdeh
14- Nima Shahveysi
15- Sorush Dehdashti

The importance of PAIRWORK in TOP NOTCH series

I really did not think of PAIRWORK as an important teaching technique. Yet, I really wanted my students to develop their speaking skills in the class. Some of them were shy to talk to me. For some, I had no time, for some I really feared talking to because of the number of mistakes they made in their speaking, and for others I didn't know how to stop them once they started on the talking thing!!!! I kept thinking about this problem for a long time. And at last I realized the solution is to pay attention to PAIRWORKS in the class. Here I list their advantages and I hope student and teachers do their best to make pairworks more effective in the class.

1. Increasing the time of speaking: The time students spend talking to their partners is much longer than the time they spend talking to their teacher.
2. No stress: Talking to a classmate is much easier than to a teacher (especially one like me!!!)
3. Limiting the mistakes: All pairworks have been modeled and their pattern is well organized by the authors. So this will give the student less risk at making mistakes.
4. FUN...FUN...FUN: I personally enjoy seeing a noisy class with everyone busy talking with their partners. This makes the class fun, less formal and more efficient.

Here are some tips to have successful pairwork practices:

1. explain to the students why you think pairwork is important
2. act wisely in choosing who gets to be paired with who
3. walk around the class, stand by partners for a couple of seconds and encourage them
4. encourage students to use the model in the book
5. choose your own partner and enjoy sharing your ideas with him/her
6. ask them questions about their partners' point of view on the subject
7. swap partners to get better results
8. pay attention to shy students

I hope next time you have a pairwork, you have fun and faith in what you are doing,,,

Unwritten Letters

You told me to write a letter to you, and I asked you why. You shrugged and looked away and the subject was dropped.

I cannot write a letter to you because there was too much to say and there were too little words. What would you have me write? That I look for excuses to talk to you longer on the phone, or if we were in the car? That I get annoyed if you ask me to rest instead of seeing you because I prefer the latter? That I replay the conversations we've had in my head and smile? That I look for your car whenever we drive past its usual parking space? (Or the fact that I feel sad and a little lonely now that it's vacant?) That I look for you at all?

In my head I did exactly that, I wrote many letters to you.

I kept them in my eyes, I locked them behind pursed lips. But if you listen; you'll find them screaming between skipped heartbeats, in every impulse, as loud as the ocean. 

source: one paragraph stories (Weblog)

How to Learn Vocabulary Words Fast

Step 1
Start early. Don't wait until the night before the test to start studying the words. Start studying as soon as you are given the vocabulary list and then you can review a little each day. Learning in small increments is much easier and you will retain much more if you study over a period of time. Repetition is the key to learning.
Step 2
Make note cards for your vocabulary words. On one side, write the word, on the other, write the definition. For a more visual effect, draw or attach an image to help you remember the word. For example, if the word is "cherub," attach a small clip-art image of a cherub next to the written word. Making the word-picture connection is one of the basic steps of learning new words. Some people are visual learners - they learn best by seeing something over and over.
Step 3
Find a partner or helper. Ask someone to call out the words to you, and you answer with the definition. Or, have them ask the definition and you answer with the correct word. Some people are auditory learners - they remember things best when they hear them.
Step 4
Write the words over and over on a chalkboard, dry erase board, or on paper. Use colored markers to make it fun for kids. Some people are kinesthetic learners - they learn and remember best by writing something again and again.
Step 5
Use memory tricks. For example, let's say that the words "synonym" and "antonym" are on the vocabulary list. A synonym is a word that has a similar meaning to another word. An antonym is a word that has an opposite meaning. You can create a memory trick that the "S" in synonym means "same." Another example are the words "stalagmite stalactite." Stalagmites are the cylindrical calcium deposits on the floor or GROUND of a cave, stalactites are the cylindrical calcium deposits hanging from the CEILING of a cave. You will see that stalagmites has a G in it - for GROUND, stalactites has a C in it - for ceiling. Memory tricks!
Step 6
Understand Latin root words. Much of the English language is derived from Latin. Knowing Latin root words can help you figure out the meaning of a word. For example, the words recognize, cognitive, and incognito all come from the Latin word "cognoscere" which means "to know." Recognize literally means "to know again," cognitive means "the process of knowing," and "incognito" means "to conceal identity, or unknown." Learning Latin roots can really pay off when remembering the definitions of new words.
Step 7
Create tests and play games. You can make up tests (for yourself or your child) with matching, fill in the blank, or multiple choice style questions. Use the flash cards creatively by spreading them out on a table and quizzing yourself. Again, repetition and practice is the key to fast learning.
Step 8
Use the new words daily. Try to use the new words in your daily conversations, emails, or even in your thoughts. If you are helping your child learn, use the words when you are talking to them. Incorporating the new word into your daily vocabulary will make it stick in your mind.

A very kind teacher, a very important lesson!

Spring is not simply just another season! It is a reminder, a teacher and at the same time, a patient friend for all those who don't feel like making a change. Every year this time, the whole nature tries to send us a message. And I am so fascinated by the patience the mother nature has to teach her children to make a move. And yet, I am so depressed to see how people only make this great change in their appearence. Spring is a kind teacher. She never gets angry. She never quits. She is always there when you need her. All we have to do is to stop by the first tree we see and watch and learn. The change begins with the smallest part, the tiniest particle. And this is a great lesson. In order to change the whole world, we have to start by the smallest parts. This is a precious lesson. Let the change begin...!

THE BIG ESCAPE (a short text written by myself)

My Dearest Friend,

You had left your yacht in the wharf; without having it tied. For a minute I saw it moving, up and down. In I went to see if I could find you. You were not there. So I went to the deck. The ocean was in front of me, the wharf, behind.  On one side, I saw the glamorous view of the city with its buildings and happy people; the luxury, the thrill and the glory of the crowds; the lights and colors and sounds. On the other side, however, there was only a simple line. The horizon I am talking about; the very line that forbids the sky to enter the waters and get soaked. There was just this line, and nothing else to hope for. I hesitated on your yacht for a while. I was tempted to make the biggest decision of my life and you were not there. I switched on the old engine. The fuel gauge showed a half-full tank. I didn’t know to what far I could travel. But I was sure it was enough to take me away from there. My dear friend! You were not there and I departed with your yacht. You might have gotten angry or upset, but I was sure your yacht would like the journey; since no yacht is meant to be tied and landed to any wharf. You would not believe your yacht’s decisive move in cutting through angry waves of the ocean which tend to settle everything in its place. You would not believe the thrill we had when moving, as if we both had long been waiting for such company and journey.

Good bye my dearest friend! I left with your yacht.

How to write in a way that everyone can read...

1. Keep your descriptions short and simple. Keep your writing short and to the point.
   
2. Use words that the reader is familiar with. Don't use words that the reader might find difficult to understand.
   
3. Keep your sentences simple and clear. Don't use many compacted sentences.
   
4. Don't make all the sentences the same length. It is a good idea to vary the length of the sentences. Make some sentences longer, while keeping some sentences shorter.
   
5. It is better to us the active tense, then the passive tense.
   
6. Don't use abbreviations unless you are sure that the reader will understand.
   
7. It is better to use nouns and verbs, instead of adjectives and adverbs.
   
   source: http://www.english-the-easy-way.com
   

How to prepare for exams...

Exam preparation/study tips:

• Make sure you understand what you have studied. Don’t just try to memorise it.
  Ask your teacher or classmates for help if you find something difficult to understand.
  

• Look again at what you have studied as soon as possible after class
  You are more likely to remember information if you look at it again within 24 hours of first hearing it.
  

• Organise your study time
  A revision timetable will help you make the most of your study time.
  

• Eat something before you study
  Food will give your brain the energy it needs to concentrate for long periods of time. Fruit is a good choice - the sugar in fruit will keep you more awake than coffee.
  

• Drink plenty of water while you study
  Not drinking enough water can make you lose concentration and make it harder for you to remember information. You should drink 250ml of water for every hour of study.
  

• Choose places to study where you will not be disturbed
  Noise and other distractions make it difficult to concentrate and can affect the amount of information you remember.
  

• Take regular breaks during study time
  Taking a 20 minute break every two hours will give you time to remember what you have already learned and also help you concentrate for the next two hours.
  

• Take practice tests
  There is no better way to prepare for a test than to take regular practice tests. Not only can you learn the language you need to pass the exam, but you can also get to know the style of exam questions and practise good exam techniques.
  

• Join a study group
  Studying with friends and classmates can help motivate you to study more regularly.
  

• Work out when you study best
  Some people work best in the mornings, others at night. Decide when you work at your best and try to study at those times.

Exam taking tips:

• Get at least 6 hours sleep the night before a test
  You are more likely to remember what you have learned if you have had a good night’s sleep.
  

• Eat before a test
  Food will give your brain energy and help you to concentrate.
  

• Wear comfortable clothing
  Being uncomfortable is a distraction. Also, it’s better to wear several layers of clothing so you can put on or take off an item if you feel hot or cold.
  

• If possible, sit at the front of the examination room
  If you sit at the front of the room you are less likely to be distracted by other students and can hear the recording better for the listening paper.
  

• Make sure you understand all the instructions before you begin
  Don’t be afraid to ask the examiner to repeat any information you are unsure about.
  

• Before you start your test, quickly look at the whole test paper
  Looking at the test paper quickly before you start will help you to manage your time better. Decide how long you should spend on each question.
  

• Always read the questions carefully
  One of the most common mistakes students make is not to read the questions carefully enough. Read all instructions slowly and twice if you have time.
  

• Answer the questions you find easy first
  Answering the questions you find easy first will give you confidence and save you time later on.

• Don't waste time on questions you cannot answer
  Spending a lot of time on a question can make you lose confidence. If you can’t answer a question go to the next one and come back to it later, if you have time.

• Check your answers carefully
  If you have time at the end of the exam, read through your answers. But remember, your first answer is usually correct so only change answers if you see a mistake.
  

Be positive and try to stay relaxed
If you are relaxed you will be able to concentrate better. Breathe slowly and deeply and try to put all negative thoughts out of your mind.

source: www.tests.com